Present Affairs 31 Could 2025
Content material :
- GDP progress at 6.5% in 2024-25, slowest because the pandemic
- India can have 1 billion Web customers by this fiscal 12 months’
- Centre asks States to lift enrolment in govt. colleges
- IMA condemns proposal for built-in MBBS-BAMS course, calls it ‘unscientific’
- Authorities meets fiscal deficit goal of 4.8% for FY25
GDP progress at 6.5% in 2024-25, slowest because the pandemic
Total Annual Efficiency (2024–25)
- GDP progress for FY 2024–25 stood at 6.5%, the slowest because the pandemic-hit FY 2020–21.
- This marks a moderation from earlier years’ post-COVID restoration tempo.
Relevance : GS 3(Indian Economic system)
Quarterly Progress Evaluation
- This fall (Jan–Mar 2025):
- Actual GDP progress surged to 7.4%, the highest among the many 4 quarters of the 12 months.
- Nonetheless, nonetheless decrease than the 8.4% progress in This fall of 2023–24.
- Q3 (Oct–Dec 2024):
- GDP progress was 6.4%, displaying a slight dip earlier than the This fall restoration.
- This displays quarterly fluctuations, with a year-end push in financial exercise, probably pushed by funding or consumption cycles.
Comparative Perspective
- Since FY 2020–21 (pandemic 12 months), GDP progress had been strong as a result of low base impact and restoration momentum.
- The 2024–25 slowdown could point out the fading of post-pandemic restoration momentum or structural constraints.
Authorities Outlook
- The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) launched the provisional estimates.
- Regardless of the moderation, authorities officers famous that “India held its personal”, indicating resilience amid international headwinds.
Potential Implications
- Fiscal coverage could have to stay supportive to stimulate demand.
- Non-public investments and capex cycles might be monitored for sustaining momentum.
- International components (e.g. oil costs, geopolitical tensions) may impression future progress.
‘India can have 1 billion Web customers by this fiscal 12 months’
India’s Increasing Web Base
- Web customers to the touch 1 billion by the tip of FY 2024–25, up from 974 million at the moment.
- Progress from 250 million to almost 1 billion in simply over a decade displays exponential digital penetration.
- India is already the second-largest telecom market globally.
Relevance : GS 2(Governance) ,GS 3(Know-how)
Most cost-effective Knowledge Charges within the World
- Calling price dropped from 50 paise/min to 0.003 paise/min.
- Knowledge price lowered from ₹287/GB to ₹9/GB, making web extra accessible to all socioeconomic segments.
Give attention to Innovation & Home Manufacturing
- Theme of India Cellular Congress (IMC) 2024: “Innovate to Remodel” — urging India to guide in product innovation.
- India shifted from importing 80% of cell phones to exporting ₹1.75 lakh crore price of units.
- India goals to contribute 10% of worldwide 6G patents by way of the Bharat 6G Alliance.
BharatNet: World’s Largest Rural Connectivity Push
Part I:
- ~2.14 lakh gram panchayats related.
- 7 lakh km of optic fibre laid.
Part II:
- Concentrating on 2.64 lakh remaining gram panchayats.
- Funding: $16.9 billion (₹1.39 lakh crore) — largest rural digital infra push globally.
New options in BharatNet II:
- Extra resilient topology to stop single-point failures.
- MPLS routers to interchange older programs.
- 10-year upkeep mandate for implementing businesses.
- Central community working centre and impartial engineering oversight for monitoring.
Telecom Market Competitors
- India has 3 personal gamers + 1 state-owned operator — seen as wholesome for the market.
- Vodafone Concept (VIL):
- Govt transformed ₹37,000 crore of dues into fairness (49% stake).
- No plans to lift stake additional; VIL anticipated to handle personal funds.
Modernising India Publish
- India Publish among the many largest logistics networks globally.
- Publish Workplace Act, 2023 allows:
- Diversification into insurance coverage, banking, and digital companies.
- India Publish Funds Financial institution now worthwhile 3 years forward of schedule.
- Plan to introduce Digital Entry Codes for each latitude-longitude level in India.
Centre asks States to lift enrolment in govt. colleges
Key Concern Raised by the Centre
- Declining enrolment in authorities colleges throughout a number of States and UTs, regardless of important public expenditure.
- Pupil exodus in direction of unaided/personal colleges noticed in at the very least 11 States/UTs, together with Telangana, Uttarakhand, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Kerala.
Relevance : GS 2(Training ,Federalism)
State-wise Knowledge Highlights (UDISE+ 2023–24)
Telangana
- Whole colleges: 42,901
- Govt. colleges: 70% (30,022)
- Unaided colleges: 28.26% (12,126)
- Govt. college enrolment: 38.11% (27.8 lakh)
- Unaided college enrolment: 60.75% (44.31 lakh)
Uttarakhand
- Whole colleges: 22,551
- Govt. colleges: 71.84% (16,201)
- Unaided colleges: 23.29% (5,252)
- Govt. college enrolment: 36.68% (8.7 lakh)
- Unaided college enrolment: 54.39% (12.9 lakh)
Tamil Nadu
- Govt. colleges: 64% of whole colleges
- Govt. college enrolment: 37%
- Unaided colleges: 21%
- Unaided college enrolment: 46%
Andhra Pradesh
- Whole colleges: 61,373
- Govt. colleges: 73.32% (45,000)
- Unaided colleges: 24.82% (15,232)
- Govt. college enrolment: 46.33% (40.5 lakh)
- Unaided college enrolment: 52.09% (45.53 lakh)
Maharashtra & Kerala
- Discount in enrolment attributed to knowledge cleaning utilizing Aadhaar verification, not essentially precise dropout or migration.
Centre’s Directives and Issues
- States urged to:
- Conduct root trigger evaluation behind scholar desire for unaided colleges.
- Take remedial steps to enhance authorities college enrolment.
- Have to construct a robust “authorities college model” to regain public belief and optimize infrastructure and assets.
Broader Implications
- Wastage of public assets if services are underutilized.
- High quality notion and belief in govt. education system are possible eroding.
- Highlights rising inequality in entry to high quality training, particularly for lower-income households.
Underlying Elements (Implied)
- Notion of higher high quality training and services in personal colleges.
- Trainer absenteeism, poor infrastructure, or curriculum gaps could also be driving migration.
- Rising aspirations of middle-class households for English-medium/personal training.
IMA condemns proposal for built-in MBBS-BAMS course, calls it ‘unscientific’
Key Subject Raised
- Indian Medical Affiliation (IMA) strongly opposes the Union Authorities’s plan to combine MBBS and BAMS programs at JIPMER, Puducherry.
- The transfer is labeled as “unscientific,” “unlucky,” and “catastrophic” by IMA.
Relevance : GS 2(Well being ,Medication)
Present Medical Training Construction
- MBBS (Fashionable Medication) and BAMS (Ayurveda) are at the moment two separate 5.5-year programmes.
- Every system is predicated on distinct epistemologies, diagnostic fashions, and remedy paradigms.
IMA’s Arguments In opposition to Integration
- Mixing trendy drugs with Ayurveda is “unscientific” and results in confusion.
- Such integration dangers creating “hybrid medical doctors” with incomplete mastery in each programs — described as “certified quacks”.
- It might undermine the autonomy and purity of each medical streams.
- Results in an irreversible dilution of scientific rigor and affected person care requirements.
Affected person Rights & Moral Issues
- Mixopathy (mixing medical programs) violates sufferers’ proper to decide on a healthcare system of their desire.
- Might compromise knowledgeable consent, security, and standardization in remedy protocols.
Reference to International Precedent: China
- China’s integration of conventional and trendy drugs is cited as a failed experiment:
- Led to the decimation of conventional Chinese language drugs.
- Didn’t yield the anticipated healthcare enhancements.
India’s Healthcare Achievements by way of Fashionable Medication
- Life expectancy elevated from 32 years (1947) to 70.8 years (2025) largely attributable to vaccines, public well being programs, and trendy drugs.
- IMA argues this success was not pushed by integrative fashions, however by scientific rigor in trendy healthcare.
Scientific and Educational Issues
- Integration could:
- Compromise medical training high quality.
- Dilute specialization in each programs.
- Have an effect on scientific coaching and evidence-based follow.
IMA’s Enchantment
- Urges:
- Ayurvedic practitioners to defend their very own system.
- The federal government to chorus from “mixopathy”.
- All stakeholders to protect the “pristine purity” of particular person medical programs.
Authorities meets fiscal deficit goal of 4.8% for FY25
Fiscal Deficit Achievement
- Fiscal Deficit for FY25: ₹15.77 lakh crore or 4.8% of GDP.
- Goal was achieved regardless of income shortfalls.
- Based mostly on provisional GDP estimates and knowledge from Controller Basic of Accounts (CGA).
Relevance : GS 2(Governance), GS 3(Indian Economic system)
Income vs Expenditure
- Whole Income (tax + non-tax + capital receipts): ₹30.78 lakh crore (97.8% of revised estimates).
- Whole Expenditure: ₹46.55 lakh crore (additionally 97.8% of revised estimates).
- Signifies tight fiscal administration, avoiding expenditure overruns.
Income Shortfalls
- Shortfall in capital receipts:
- Miscellaneous capital receipts: ₹17,202 crore (solely 52.1% of goal).
- Disinvestment proceeds: ₹10,131 crore — a lot beneath expectations.
- Tax income shortfall:
- Earnings tax: ₹11.83 lakh crore (≈6% beneath revised estimates).
- Company tax: ₹9.87 lakh crore (0.7% above revised estimates).
Disinvestment Slippage
- Authorities aimed increased disinvestment income however achieved lower than half the goal.
- Displays continued challenges in privatization and asset monetization.
Subsequent 12 months’s Fiscal Goal
- FY26 fiscal deficit goal: 4.4% of GDP, as per Finances 2024-25.
- Signifies a continued fiscal consolidation glide path.
- Suggests authorities goals to cut back borrowing dependency and keep macroeconomic stability.
Implications & Challenges
- Assembly deficit goal regardless of income shortfall reveals self-discipline, however questions stay on:
- Sustainability of non-disinvestment-based financing.
- Stress on welfare and capital spending in future years.
- Income buoyancy might be vital to fulfill FY26 targets.
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